Rootstocks

Fruit trees are propagated onto rootstocks. The rootstock is the most important factor in determining the vigour and eventual size of the tree. The choice of rootstock is therefore very important as it will determine the suitability of the tree for the position and the form in which you intend to grow it. Please find below a list of rootstocks and their characteristics.

• Apple M27,
• Apple M9,
• Apple M26,
• Apple MM106,
• Apple MM111,
• Apple M25,
• Pear Quince C,
• Pear Quince A,
• Pear OHxF,
• Pear Pyrodwarf,
• Pear Pyrus,
• Plum Krymsk 2,
• Plum VVA-1,
• Plum WA-VIT,
• Plum S-766,
• Plum Adaptabil,
• Plum St Julien A,
• Plum Brompton,
• Peach VVA-1,
• Peach Adaptabil,
• Peach St Julien A,
• Peach Krymsk 86,
• Peach Brompton,
• Nectarine VVA-1,
• Nectarine Adaptabil,
• Nectarine St Julien A,
• Nectarine Krymsk 86,
• Nectarine Brompton,
• Apricot WA-VIT,
• Apricot Torinel,
• Apricot Apricor,
• Apricot St Julien A,
• Apricot Brompton,
• Cherry Gisela 5,
• Cherry Krymsk 7,
• Cherry Colt,
• Cherry F12/1,
• Medlar Quince C,
• Medlar Mespilus,
• Medlar Quince A,
• Medlar Pyrodwarf,
• Medlar Crataegus,
• Medlar Pyrus,
• Quince Quince C,
• Quince Quince A,
• Almond VVA-1,
• Almond Adaptabil,
• Almond St Julien A,
• Almond Krymsk 86,
• Almond Brompton,
• Bullace Krymsk 2,
• Bullace Pixy,
• Bullace VVA-1,
• Bullace WA-VIT,
• Bullace S-766,
• Bullace Adaptabil,
• Bullace St Julien A,
• Bullace Brompton,
• Cherry Plum Krymsk 2,
• Cherry Plum Pixy,
• Cherry Plum VVA-1,
• Cherry Plum WA-VIT,
• Cherry Plum S-766,
• Cherry Plum St Julien A,
• Cherry Plum Brompton,
• Damson Krymsk 2,
• Damson Pixy,
• Damson VVA-1,
• Damson WA-VIT,
• Damson S-766,
• Damson Adaptabil,
• Damson St Julien A,
• Damson Brompton,
• Crab Apple M27,
• Crab Apple M9,
• Crab Apple M26,
• Crab Apple MM106,
• Crab Apple MM111,
• Crab Apple M25,
• Japanese Plum St Julien A

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  Apple M27  (Very dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good soil conditions. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Permanent staking required. Water in dry conditions.
  Mature height	4-6ft (1.2-1.8m)
  Spread	5ft (1.5m)
  Planting distance	4-5 ft (1.2-1.5m) apart, 6ft (1.8m) between rows
  Mature yield	10-15lb (4.5-7kg)
  Bearing age	2 years
  Suitable forms	Dwarf pyramid, centre leader, stepover

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  Apple M9  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good soil conditions. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Permanent staking required. Water in dry conditions.
  Mature height	6-8ft (1.8-2.4m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8-10ft (2.4-3m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield	25-50lb (11-23kg)
  Bearing age	2/3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon

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  Apple M26  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Can be grown in all reasonable soil conditions including grass orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	8-12ft (2.4-3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield	30-80lb (13.5-36kg)
  Bearing age	2/3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon, minaret, espalier, container

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  Apple MM106  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and relatively poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-13ft (3-4m)
  Spread	13ft (4m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield	50-100lb (23-56kg)
  Bearing age	3/4 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, cordon, espalier, container

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  Apple MM111  (Vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and poor soils. Staking preferable but not necessary if planted as a one year old. Stake for first 3 years if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	13-15ft (4-4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6m) between rows
  Mature yield	100-400lb (45-180kg)
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard, half standard, large espalier

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  Apple M25  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and poor soils. Staking preferable but not necessary if planted as a one year old. Stake for first 3 years if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	Over15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	20ft (6m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield	200-400lb (90-180kg)
  Bearing age	5/6 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Pear Quince C  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good fertile soil. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Stake for at least the first 5 years and preferably permanently.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	9ft (2.7m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3/4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon, espalier

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  Pear Quince A  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including relatively poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m )
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Suitable Forms: Half standard, bush, cordon, espalier, container

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  Pear OHxF  ()

  Requirements
  Mature height
  Spread
  Planting distance
  Mature yield
  Bearing age
  Suitable forms

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  Pear Pyrodwarf  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new semi-vigorous pear rootstock less vigorous than seedling pear. Can be used for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil, chalk and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half Standard

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  Pear Pyrus  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including poor soils and grassed orchards. Staking preferable for the first 3 years.
  Mature height	Over 20ft (6m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	5/6 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Plum Krymsk 2  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Similar vigour to VVA-1 but more drought tolerant.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Plum VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Plum WA-VIT  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons, apricots and peaches. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Plum S-766  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Plum Adaptabil  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock similar in vigour to St Julien A. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Good tolernce of both drought and waterlogging. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Plum St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Plum Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Peach VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Peach Adaptabil  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock similar in vigour to St Julien A. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Good tolernce of both drought and waterlogging. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Peach St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Peach Krymsk 86  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock suitable for peaches, nectarines and almonds. Can be used for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height
  Spread
  Planting distance
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms

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  Peach Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Nectarine VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Nectarine Adaptabil  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock similar in vigour to St Julien A. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Good tolernce of both drought and waterlogging. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Nectarine St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Nectarine Krymsk 86  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock suitable for peaches, nectarines and almonds. Can be used for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height
  Spread
  Planting distance
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms

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  Nectarine Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Apricot WA-VIT  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons, apricots and peaches. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Apricot Torinel  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new rootstock suitable for apricots. Can be used for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Apricot Apricor  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new apricot rootstock slightly less vigorous than St Julien A. Better compatibility with apricots with alternative rootstocks currently in use which are not apricot.
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Apricot St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Apricot Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Cherry Gisela 5  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good fertile soil. Ground should be cleared of weeds and grass. Staking required for the first 5 years. Very sensitive to systemic herbicides such as Glyphosate the use of which should be avoided around young trees.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	10ft (3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, small fan

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  Cherry Krymsk 7  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new cherry rootstock similar in vigour to Colt. Suitable for a wide range of soils including relatively poor soils and grassed orchards. Stake for first 3 years particularly if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	12-15ft (3-4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush

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  Cherry Colt  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including relatively poor soils and grassed orchards. Staking preferable but not necessary if planted as a one year old. Stake for first 3 years if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	12-15ft (3-4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush

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  Cherry F12/1  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including poor soils and grassed orchards. Staking preferable but not necessary if planted as a one year old. Stake for first 3 years if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	Over 20ft (6m)
  Spread	20ft (6m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	5/6 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Medlar Quince C  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good fertile soil. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Stake for at least the first 5 years and preferably permanently.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	9ft (2.7m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3/4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon, espalier

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  Medlar Mespilus  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions. Stake for first 5 years.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread
  Planting distance
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	2/3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, half standard

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  Medlar Quince A  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including relatively poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m )
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Suitable Forms: Half standard, bush, cordon, espalier, container

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  Medlar Pyrodwarf  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new semi-vigorous pear rootstock less vigorous than seedling pear. Can be used for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil, chalk and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half Standard

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  Medlar Crataegus  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is commonly used as a rootstock for medlars. Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and relatively poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m )
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3/4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, half standard

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  Medlar Pyrus  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including poor soils and grassed orchards. Staking preferable for the first 3 years.
  Mature height	Over 20ft (6m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	5/6 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Quince Quince C  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good fertile soil. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Stake for at least the first 5 years and preferably permanently.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	9ft (2.7m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3/4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon, espalier

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  Quince Quince A  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including relatively poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m )
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Suitable Forms: Half standard, bush, cordon, espalier, container

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  Almond VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Almond Adaptabil  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock similar in vigour to St Julien A. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Good tolernce of both drought and waterlogging. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Almond St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Almond Krymsk 86  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock suitable for peaches, nectarines and almonds. Can be used for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height
  Spread
  Planting distance
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms

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  Almond Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Bullace Krymsk 2  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Similar vigour to VVA-1 but more drought tolerant.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Bullace Pixy  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	10ft (3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Bullace VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Bullace WA-VIT  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons, apricots and peaches. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Bullace S-766  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Bullace Adaptabil  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock similar in vigour to St Julien A. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Good tolernce of both drought and waterlogging. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Bullace St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Bullace Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Cherry Plum Krymsk 2  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Similar vigour to VVA-1 but more drought tolerant.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Cherry Plum Pixy  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	10ft (3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Cherry Plum VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Cherry Plum WA-VIT  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons, apricots and peaches. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Cherry Plum S-766  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Cherry Plum St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Cherry Plum Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Damson Krymsk 2  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Similar vigour to VVA-1 but more drought tolerant.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Damson Pixy  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	10ft (3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Damson VVA-1  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons and peaches. Requires good fertile soil and ground cleared of weeds and grass. Stake for the first 5 years. Requires watering in dry conditions.
  Mature height	7-9ft (2-2.7m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8ft (2.5m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, small fan

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  Damson WA-VIT  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums, damsons, apricots and peaches. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Damson S-766  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	A new semi-dwarfing rootstock for plums. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively dry conditions. Stake for the first 5 years
  Mature height	9-11ft (2.7-3.3m)
  Spread	11ft (3.3m)
  Planting distance	10ft (3m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, Half Standard, Fan

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  Damson Adaptabil  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	A new rootstock similar in vigour to St Julien A. Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Good tolernce of both drought and waterlogging. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Damson St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan

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  Damson Brompton  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	Over 15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Crab Apple M27  (Very dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good soil conditions. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Permanent staking required. Water in dry conditions.
  Mature height	4-6ft (1.2-1.8m)
  Spread	5ft (1.5m)
  Planting distance	4-5 ft (1.2-1.5m) apart, 6ft (1.8m) between rows
  Mature yield	10-15lb (4.5-7kg)
  Bearing age	2 years
  Suitable forms	Dwarf pyramid, centre leader, stepover

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  Crab Apple M9  (Dwarfing )

  Requirements	Good soil conditions. Ground should be clear of weeds and grass. Permanent staking required. Water in dry conditions.
  Mature height	6-8ft (1.8-2.4m)
  Spread	9ft (2.7m)
  Planting distance	8-10ft (2.4-3m) apart, 12ft (3.6m) between rows
  Mature yield	25-50lb (11-23kg)
  Bearing age	2/3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon

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  Crab Apple M26  (Semi-dwarfing )

  Requirements	Can be grown in all reasonable soil conditions including grass orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	8-10ft (2.4-3m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	8-12ft (2.4-3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield	30-80lb (13.5-36kg)
  Bearing age	2/3 years
  Suitable forms	Bush, pyramid, centre leader, cordon, minaret, espalier, container

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  Crab Apple MM106  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and relatively poor soils. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-13ft (3-4m)
  Spread	13ft (4m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield	50-100lb (23-56kg)
  Bearing age	3/4 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, cordon, espalier, container

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  Crab Apple MM111  (Vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and poor soils. Staking preferable but not necessary if planted as a one year old. Stake for first 3 years if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	13-15ft (4-4.5m)
  Spread	15ft (4.5m)
  Planting distance	15ft (4.5m) apart, 20ft (6m) between rows
  Mature yield	100-400lb (45-180kg)
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Standard, half standard, large espalier

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  Crab Apple M25  (Very vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for a wide range of soils including grassed orchards and poor soils. Staking preferable but not necessary if planted as a one year old. Stake for first 3 years if planted as 2/3 year trees.
  Mature height	Over15ft (4.5m)
  Spread	20ft (6m)
  Planting distance	20ft (6m) apart, 25ft (7.5m) between rows
  Mature yield	200-400lb (90-180kg)
  Bearing age	5/6 years
  Suitable forms	Standard

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  Japanese Plum St Julien A  (Semi-vigorous )

  Requirements	Suitable for most soil conditions including relatively poor soil and grassed orchards. Stake for the first 5 years.
  Mature height	10-12ft (3-3.6m)
  Spread	12ft (3.6m)
  Planting distance	12ft (3.6m) apart, 15ft (4.5m) between rows
  Mature yield
  Bearing age	4/5 years
  Suitable forms	Half standard, bush, fan